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Projetos


POLINÓMIOS: TUDO O QUE PODES FAZER COM ELES

Responsável: José Carlos Santos

Monitor: Carlos André Macedo

Resumo: Vão ser estudados os polinómios e as funções polinomiais. Por exemplo, será visto como resolver equações polinomiais de grau menor ou igual a 3, como encontrar as raízes racionais de um polinómio com coeficientes racionais (teorema das raízes racionais), como aproximar qualquer função contínua definida num intervalo [a,b] por funções polinomiais (teorema da aproximação de Weierstrass) e como trabalhar com polinómios como se fossem números (decomposição em produto de polinómios irredutíveis, teorema de Bézout).


JOGOS BINÁRIOS

Responsável: Lucinda Lima

Monitor: José Pedro Quintanilha

Resumo: Bastam dois dígitos, 0 e 1, para codificar qualquer número, letra, símbolo ou sequência destes, e é neste tipo de linguagem que um computador recebe e processa informação.

Foi Gottfried Leibniz, um dos criadores do Cálculo, que no séc. XVII desenvolveu a escrita de números na base 2. Também são de sua autoria frases como:

“Os seres humanos nunca são tão inteligentes como na invenção de jogos.”

“Aprovo fortemente o estudo de jogos de raciocínio, não por si próprios, mas porque ajudam a aperfeiçoar a arte do pensamento.”

Alguns jogos binários fornecerão o mote para explorarmos a representação binária dos números, bem como a dicotomia representada por 0 e 1 entre falso e verdadeiro, par e ímpar, desligado e ligado, o vazio e o universo, etc.


TAXI!

Responsável: Maria Carvalho

Monitor: André Carvalho

Resumo: Numa cidade plana imaginária, em que as ruas estejam traçadas numa rede quadriculada perfeita, as distâncias podem medir-se de um modo distinto do usual, utilizando-se apenas segmentos na horizontal/vertical e os respectivos cruzamentos, como se viajássemos de táxi pelas estradas desse lugar. Nessa geometria, as circunferências são quadrados e a soma dos ângulos de qualquer triângulo é constante, mas igual a 4. Porém, um triângulo equilátero pode não ser equiângulo; um triângulo não fica determinado por dois dos seus lados e o ângulo por eles formado; e não vale o Teorema de Pitágoras. Discutiremos estas e muitas outras propriedades da geometria-do-táxi, comparando-as com as versões correspondentes no mundo euclidiano.


 

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