After a brief introduction of medical educational simulation, I will present two simulators in a little more detail: The Human Patient Simulator (HPS(TM)), developed at the University of Florida, and the Intrapartum Acute Care Simulator, being developed at the University of Porto. One of the features these full-body simulators have in common is that their simulation engines consist of (predominantly) mathematical models of human physiology and pharmacology. The BabySIM(TM) belongs to the HPS family of simulators and is partially based on a mathematical model for educational simulation of infant cardiovascular physiology (Goodwin, 2004). I will present the conceptual and mathematical models of this reference, and a similar model representing neonatal cardiovascular pathophysiology (Sá Couto, 2006). Future work in this area includes formalization of the parameter estimation process, necessary to program new patients and pathologies, via a sensitivity analysis.